In this article readers will familiarize themselves with the world-famous cities of ancient and eternally young, unique and fascinating Uzbekistan; get detailed information about history, culture, traditions and customs, environment and national cuisine features.
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Uzbekistan is one of many centers of world civilization. Thousands of archaeological and architectural monuments, a lot of manuscripts in the museum collections, as well as samples of the tangible and intangible cultural heritage remained here. Scientifically proven facts speak about the history of the Uzbek statehood, rooted in several thousand years.
Due to sources it is well known that in the past Central Asia called Turon was a single historical and cultural region.
During the Bronze Age (III-II millenniums BC.) the production of metal products, bricks, various crafts were developing at a high level. In the cities monumental buildings were built; irrigated agriculture, religious and spiritual culture rich in traditions were developed; new communities and cities were created; and social development was carried out. On the significance Turon culture could be compared with the ancient and great cultures of Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China.
Ancient cities formed in Uzbekistan have a rich history. Uzbek scientists detected the true age of the most ancient cities of Bukhara, Khiva, Termez, Shakhrisabz and Karshi. In the course of archeological excavations it was proved that Samarkand can be compared with Rome.
The holy book of Zoroastrians — «Avesta» — tells that Sogdiana (the centre of which was Samarkand) in the 5th century BC. was the advanced formation of farmers. This is corroborated by the Greek and Roman chroniclers and biographers. For example, the Roman historian Curtius reported that in 329 BC. the city had an outer wall of a length of 15 kilometers, which indicated the considerable sizes of the urban settlement. This meant that the city by that time had already been well developed and habitable.
The authoritative Arab historian Abu Khafs Omar ibn Mukhammad al-Nesefi as-Samarkandi reported that at the time of the Arab conquest of Samarkand, the age of the city had already been 2500 years. So, the city was established in the second half of the II millennium BC.
We even know that in the XI century scientists discussed on the subject of the name “Samarkand”. There are many variants. All these are based on linguistic assumptions. Here are some of them.
There is the local Sogdian legend. A certain Samar dug a spring here and brought water out of it. Soon next to the spring a lot of people began to live, and gradually the city was formed. Grateful residents began calling the settlement «Samarkand», which means «Samar dug.» There is another, no less attractive version. According to it the city was named after Samar and Kamar, the scientists- magicians, who led its construction by order of the Yemen king Keykubad.
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